• Commune (intentional community), a community in which resources are shared
  • Mir (social), a village community in czarist Russia
  • Kibbutz, an Israeli collective community
• A municipality or township in various countries, including:
  
  • Algeria - Municipalities of Algeria, the third level of administrative division
  • Argentina - Communes of Argentina
  • Austria - Communes of Austria
  • Belgium - Gemeenten/Communes/Gemeinden of Belgium, the lowest level of administrative division. After several "fusion-operations", most of them include named cities or towns with formerly independent suburbs and villages
  • Burkina Faso - Communes of Burkina Faso, the lowest level of administrative division
  • Cambodia - Administrative divisions of Cambodia
  • Chad - Communes of Chad
  • Chile - Communes of Chile, the third and lowest level administrative division of the country, comprising cities, towns, villages, hamlets, and unsettled areas
  • Denmark - Kommuner of Denmark, introduced after a 2007 reorganization that replaced the amter
  • Democratic Republic of Congo - Communes of the Congo-Kinshasa
  • Finland - Kommuner/Kunta of Finland
  • France - Communes of France, the lowest level of administrative division, comprising cities, towns, and villages
  • Germany - Communes of Germany
  • Haiti - Arrondissements and communes of Haiti, the lowest level of administrative division
  • Italy - Comune, the municipalities of Italy
  • Luxembourg - Communes of Luxembourg, the lowest uniform level of administrative division
  • Mali - Communes of Mali, the third level of administrative division
  • Moldova - List of localities in Moldova
  • Niger - Communes of Niger, the third level of administrative division
  • Norway - Kommuner of Norway
  • Poland - Gmina, the lowest uniform level of administrative division
  • Romania - Communes of Romania, comprising villages
  • Senegal - Communes of Senegal
  • Sweden - Kommuner of Sweden, the lowest level administrative division of the country, comprising cities, towns, villages, hamlets, and unsettled areas
  • Tunisia - Municipalities of Tunisia
  • Vietnam - Communes of Vietnam
• Medieval commune, a social organization of the European Middle Ages
• Commune (Socialism) within socialist thought
• People's commune, an administrative division of the rural area in the People's Republic of China between 1958-1984
• The Paris Commune (French Revolution), the government of Paris from 1789 to 1795, especially from 1792 to 1795
• The Paris Commune, socialist reformist state in Paris in 1871
• The Shanghai Commune of 1927
• The Shanghai People's Commune, organized by Zhang Chunqiao in 1967
• Commune (documentary), a 2005 documentary

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